or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. Germination and infection mostly take…
stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant…
) need moisture (dew, rain, irrigation water) and nutrients for germination. Germination also happens at very high relative humidity (RH > 93%) on dry…
often germinate directly and the germ tubes infect the plants either through the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free…
water for germination. In general, the development rate of the epidemic is fastest at 18-25 °C. High relative humidity (RH) promotes germination of…
Ascospores of F. graminearum / G. zeae germinate between 4-35°C, with an optimum between 25-28°C. Germination only occurs at RH above 80%. Warm…
especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and form…
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