epidemics and spore dispersal by rain is negligible, since spores explode when in contact with water for no more than a few hours. Powdery mildew spor…
lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by rain splash, or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink spores are produced, which…
bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate directly…
which subsequently zoospores are produced. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are…
On the infected area, new spores are formed within a few days. Under circumstances unfavourable for germination, the spores can survive a few days on…
within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of…
The pathogens continue to grow inside the leaves and after a while new spore-bearing structures are protruding from the stomata. Because there are…
upwards on the outside of the plant. Most Fusarium species only make asexual spores. Some also produce ascospores. The Fusarium oxysporum life cycle,…
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